Milosch, who in the name of Milan held two districts those of Rudnik and Poschega

It would be wrong to regard the Gospodars as oppressors of the people, and Kara George as their defender: even according to notions entertained in the West, whence they are derived; and which are altogether inapplicable to the East.

It would be much easier to obtain a correct idea of the character of the contest, by considering what an entirely different course the affairs of Greece at a later period must necessarily have taken, had any of the native chiefs succeeded in acquiring a superiority like that of Kara George. The unity of the nation, and the necessity for carrying on war, demanded also an union of authority.

It is not contended that the welfare of the country depended on the submission of the Gospodars. On the contrary, they had an unquestionable right to a certain degree of independence ; since they had exerted themselves to the utmost in their respective districts, and possessed there a personal and local body of adherents. It would have been far better had parties come to some amicable understanding. However, as that could not be effected, and as fresh disputes originated every day, the only alternative Avas to let a trial of strength between the opposing parties decide which should be dominant.

Kara George had the advantage of possessing timely information respecting the schemes of his adversaries. One day he happened to visit Luka Lasarewitsch, who was still lying in his hut suffer ing from a wound he had received in that sharp skirmish which had taken place in front of the Turkish intrenchments. Half in jest, Kara George said :   “ May such be the reward of those who do not act rightly! ” Luka   who was also engaged in the conspiracy   noted these words; and, being now fully convinced that it had been discovered, he confessed all he knew: induced, either by his old attachment to his Commander, or by fear of dis grace should the project miscarry for he was very ambitious. Shortly afterwards, Milan’s secretary, Lasar AYoinowitsch, came into the camp. Kara George omitted nothing that might win him over to his side ; and from him he obtained still more circumstantial and certain information.

Kara George now resolved, not only to defend his own power, but at the same time to crush that of his adversaries: and for this they themselves furnished him with the best opportunity. The Gospodars did not attend the Skupschtina at the time appointed (New Year’s Day, 1811) :

Milenko and Peter Dobrinjaz wished to await the arrival of the Russian regiment, and Jacob Nenadowitsch was unwilling to appear without his two allies; thus the Commander in chief had time to obtain a preponderating influence over the ‘W’oiwodes of minor importance: who were almost the only members present. His object was the more easily effected, as he well understood how to connect his own interest with theirs.

He thus succeeded in passing in this Diet, two resolutions which changed the whole condition of the country. The first was, that, in future, the W’oiwodes should no longer be dependent on the superior Gospodars, but directly on the Commander  in chief and the Senate. Almost a new distribution was made of the country: the districts which Milenko had hitherto governed by means of Bul  jukbasches were divided amongst eight Woiwodes.

Milosch, who in the name of Milan held two districts those of Rudnik and Poschega   lost the whole of one and two thirds of the other; and Woiwodcs like Antonie Bogitschewitsch, Milosch Potzeraz, and Stojan Tschupitsch, who had hitherto been dependent on Jacob or on Luka, now found themselves independent. It may easily be believed that this arrangement would be gratifying to all the chiefs of subordinate rank ; and that they, in return, would promote the aulhority of the Commander in chief by whom they had been so much favoured.

At the same time that he excited the Russians against Kara George

On the other hand, another Gospodar, Peter Dobrinjaz, had, of his own authority, constituted himself an ambassador. Accompanied by Rodo  flnikin, he went into the Russian camp, and, under the pretext of being commissioned by his nation, solicited the return of Rodofimkin with some auxiliary troops. At the same time that he excited the Russians against Kara George, he intimated to the Servians that they could not receive any assistance until they should have changed their Commander in chief and their whole Senate. Nor did lie relinquish his scheme even when the authorised Embassy arrived, lie contrived to persuade

its chief, Milan of Rudnik, that Kara George aimed at unlimited power; and obtained his assent to a forged instrument of plenary force which he and his adherents had drawn up in their own favour. It is surprising that men in such a station should have acted thus.

Notwithstanding, as we already know, all their projects proved abortive. Kara George found an opportunity, through one of his friends, the Archi mandrite Phillipowitsch, to furnish Kamenskij with more correct information. The consequence was, that Kamenskij issued the proclamation which has been before mentioned ; and this was the main cause that, in the year 1810, all parties united in making such great exertions in the held.

Yet this did not prevent the Gospodars from keeping up their dissensions at home; even during the campaign. Peter, Milenko, and Milan met at the head quarters of Zuceato. Jacob Nena  dowitsch and his adherents assembled at the camp near Losnitza; where they found favourable op portunities for consultation ancl resolving upon new measures. Kara George was too powerful, and had been far too successful in the field, for them to be able to accomplish their object by removing him at once. Put they thought they could restrict his power, and bring affairs to such a state that they might at some future time be able to depose him. If a Russian regiment, for which Mladen was commissioned to apply, should but arrive, they hoped to find themselves sufficiently powerful to carry out their bold design.

The mere presence of the Russian troops would turn the scale in their favour ; and they hoped to be further assisted by their Momkes   by their own influence and their connexions in Belgrade   and even by an insurrection of the people, who were dissatisfied with Mladen. The next Skupschtina could not fail to prove of the utmost importance.

The contention between the Gospodars and the Commander in chief was not altogether groundless and uncalled for: its origin lay deep in the nature of circumstances.

The rest of you wish to have the Russian Emperor

Dissensiosis in the Camp of Losnitza.   Disputes at the Skapschtina in 1810.  Further Aid is solicited from Russia.   Peter Dobrinjaz excites the Russians against Kara George, and attempts to restrict hisPoiver.   Kara George detects the Conspiracg against him.   He carries important Resolutions in the Senate, and effects Great Changes.   Arrival of a Russian Regiment at Belgrade.

Wcliko is gained over to the Party of Kara George.  ]\ Ilienko, Peter Dobrinjaz, Schiwkoicitsch.   Milenko and Dobrinjaz are removed from their Militarg Commands, and subsequcntlg exiled to Russia.   Milosch and JSIladen.

The Power of the Gospodars is destroyed.   Kara George becomes Supreme Head of the State.

WE must once more call attention to the campaign of 1809, which, as we have seen, roused the Gospodars to fresh hostility against the Commander in chief ; whom they charged with not entertaining sentiments sufficiently favourable towards the Russians.

Even in the camp of Losnitza the quarrel broke out, as soon as the Turks had retreated. Jacob Xenadowitsch asked   “Who is henceforth to defend these boundaries ?”   “ The very same person,” replied Kara George, “ who has defended them hitherto.” “On no account,” said Jacob   for this had been his otlicc “ Rather let the duty be undertaken by those who refuse foreign assistance, and who would bring our enemies upon us.” Jacob called his troops together, and presenting his nephew the Prota to them, exclaimed   “ Behold !

I sent this man, and he has found for you a gracious Emperor. But Mladen and Miloje reject the Protector, and wish to be kings and emperors themselves.”

At the Skupschtina held about the beginning of 1810, Jacob Nenadowitsch appeared accompanied by a greater number of Mornkes and followers than any other chief: amounting to nearly GOO men, who shouted in the streets, “ We will have the Emperor!” At the meetings, Jacob spoke violently against Mladen. Kara George said : “If Mladen has acted wrongly, do you in future take his place and act better. The rest of you wish to have the Russian Emperor: well, so do I! ”

So much influence did Nenadowitsch gain by this, that Mladen and Miloje, who were considered more directly in fault than the Commander in  chief, were obliged to give way; whilst he himself, on the other hand, was made President of the Senate. Under the pretext that so many officials could not be paid, he removed such of the Sowietniks as did not please him; and it appeared as though he would henceforth share the power with Kara George. Through his influence an embassy was despatched to the Russian camp to solicit assistance.

To the rest, however, this change of affairs was unsatisfactory. Milenko was appointed a member of the Embassy: but when he had reached Po  retsch, instead of proceeding himself, he thought it sufficient to send his secretary. He at once renounced all obedience to the Commander in chief, and excited his district to insurrection.

The Turks were sufficiently bold to be the first to commence

Without delay, Kara George set out to relieve Losnitza, taking with him all the troops that could be spared in those parts of the country ; the people of Kragujcwaz, Smedcrewo, Grozka, and Belgrade, and some Cossacks. Luka Lasarewitsch also came from Schabaz, and Jacob Xenadowitsch from Wal  jewo. In the night of the 5th of October they all assembled within half an hour’s march of the Bosnian camp, and at once threw up an intrenchment.

The Turks were sufficiently bold to be the first to commence the fight in the morning; but they were speedily driven from their positions before the town into their larger fortifications on the Drina. On the same evening, the Servians fortified their position close to the enemy ; and the next clay a decisive battle was fought. They first attacked eacli other with cannon and musketry; afterwards they fought hand to hand. “Thus,” says Kara George, “we closed, and intermingled with one another; for two hours we fought with our sabres. “We have killed many Turks, and cut off many Turkish heads. Three times as many of their troops have fallen as of ours: a fiercer battle was never fought: the field remained in our possession.”

The Turks indeed had suffered so severely, that they despaired of being able to effect any thing further that year, and returned over the Drina. Kara George had also crossed the river, and hastened after them. On the day following, however, deputies were despatched by the Pacha, proposing that the Drina should not be passed by either party; which was mutually agreed.

“When the Servians now looked around, they congratulated themselves on having made a successful campaign. O’Rourke, when marching: to join them, had taken llania, which, since the preceding year, had been in the hands of the Turks. On his way back lie captured Gnrgusscwaz ; and Kladowo had surrendered. All these places the Russians gave over to Servian garrisons.

It is true that the bold schemes which had been proposed at first   the conquest of Bosnia, and the re establishment, in conjunction with the Montenegrins, of the old Servian nationality   were far from being accomplished. Servia had herself been in the greatest danger. For two successive years she had been obliged to fight for her existence; but was now, in consequence, far stronger than before.

She was not amiin limited to the Pachalio of Pelgrade ; on the contrary, she had acquired districts from all the Pachalics and Sandschaks around her: from AViddin, the Kraina, Kliutsch, and Zrnarcfa; from Niscli, the towns and territory of Alexinaz and Bania; from Leskowaz, Parakyn and T\rnschewaz ; from Xowipasar   the long celebrated cloister of Studenitza, from which a Xahia was once more named; from Swornik, in Bosnia   at least the districts on this side of the Drina, Jadar, and Kadjewina. A country by no means unimportant, fertile, and improvable by culture, had thus been wrested from the dominion of Islamism, and restored to the natives of the soil.

In the meanwhile the extent of the danger had been fully developed

Already, the year before, this question had been earnestly discussed. Kara George and INI laden, ever apprehensive that their antagonists might be assisted by Bussian influence, would have been in favour of this step; but, subsequently, when the nation had formed as it were a military brotherhood with the Russians, and had received a Russian ^Minister in Servia, such a proceeding did not seem practicable. Now, however, since Rodofinikin had retired, and the people had been obliged to en counter the greatest dangers without obtaining any aid from Russia, the measure became more feasible ; and, as before stated, Kara George, who, in 1808, had regarded its realisation as impossible, now entertained the idea.

Austria ought promptly to have evinced an earnest readiness to aid the Servians, and should resolutely have granted them her protection. But this project was only entertained by her statesmen : affairs were far from being so matured as to justify the Imperial Court in taking any decided step, or in venturing to agree to the proposals of Kara George.

On the receipt of this urgent missive, Zuccato lost no time, in clespatclijag 8000 Russians, under tlie command of Colon el O’R ourke, t a the .a^sis tancc of the distressed Servians; AYeliko acting as their guide. In the mountains near Jassica, they met the Servians; who now ^ to ok courage and again descended into the plain of AVarwarin.

Churschid beheld this with delight. “ You have always complained,” said he to his Turks, “ that you can never meet the Servians in the plains. Look! yonder is a plain, and there are the Servians ! Let us see, then, whether you are worthy to eat the bread of the Sultan.” lie then attacked the Russians and Servians. The Russian square, however, appeared immoveable. Under cover of it   as they had formerly been protected by their mountains   the Servians made the most successful onsets, and captured seven standards. In the evening Churschid found himself obliged to throw up an in  trenclunent.

In the meanwhile the extent of the danger had been fully developed: the Bosnian army, 40,000 strong, had crossed the Drina. After the Turks had for a time ravaged the country, they threw themselves upon Losnitza; which, for twelve days, they bombarded with all their force. And it was scarcely possible that Antonie Bogitschewitsch, AVoiwodc of the town, valiant as lie was, could hold out much longer.

Kara George acknowledged, that he had never been so hardly beset, as by these simultaneous attacks. He demanded further help from Peter, who was pursuing his enterprise in the Kraina: writing to him, “ that every moment of time gained on the inarch would be of importance on the Drina.”

But fortune had decreed that Churschid Pacha, become weary of the resistance which he encountered at every new attempt, should return to his own territory. This may have been partly owing to the fact that the Russians,, after many fruitless attempts, had at last taken Ruschtscliuk, about tlie end of September, 1810 ; and thus might easily become dangerous to a Pacha of Xisch, in another direction,

The Servians were, therefore, left at liberty to attack Bosnia.

The Servians who belonged to the districts which he was devastating

Care had already been taken on the part of Russia to suppress all inclination on the part of Servia to an alliance with any other country. In the proclamation with which the Russian general  in chief, Kamenskij, opened the campaign of 1810, he styled the Servians “ brethren of the Russians, children of one family and faith;” promising them support; and lie also expressly mentioned Kara George as commander in chief. Xothing more was required to pacify Kara George, who thus found himself acknowledged as leader of the Servians. More over, they who wished to be considered adherents of Russia, could now no longer refuse him their obedience. Besides, whatever were the dissensions amongst themselves, all felt, as the spring advanced, a renewed desire to attack the Turks.

Thus, in 1810, war was recommenced with the aid of the Russians. The immediate object of the Servians was to achieve the conquest of the Kraina, which formed their communication with Russia.

Their best troops, to the number of 4500 foot, and 1500 horse, all picked men, marched into the Kraina; the Servians being desirous to impress a favourable opinion of their troops upon the allies with whom they were to take the lield. Peter Dobrinjaz, who had effected so much already, ‘WilS entt:ustticL AvitlL lha cominajid of this ibrce..  Accordingly, as soon as the Russiaiis,  ulideixZue   . catoT had made tlici r appearance, considerablej.>ro  gress was made. Xegotin and Bersa Palanka were taken.

In the interim, however, the Turks also had completed their preparations. Xotwithstanding all the resistance with which they encountered the Russians lower down on the Danube, they found means to carry the war into the Servian frontiers; which they attacked on two points.

Clmrschid, the new Pacha of Xiseh, advanced towards the Morawa with an army of about 30,000 men ; and as he pursued a different method from that of his predecessors, lie was doubly dangerous. Before the intrenehment near Deligrade, which had cost the Turks so much trouble on former occasions, he made only a short stay ; leaving it blockaded by a division of his troops. On the other hand, he took Ivruschewaz, and a fortress near Jassica, and began to lay waste the country all around. This was unquestionably the most effectual hostility that he could practise.

The Servians who belonged to the districts which he was devastating, became impatient, and refused to defend the for tresses, which were no longer of use. They thought only of their wives and children, and returned to their homes. The men of Ivruschewaz and Le  watscli had dispersed, Kragujewaz was threatened, and the inhabitants of this district, who were defending Deligrade, also thought of returning to their homes.

Kara George miw began to fear that affairs might turn out as unfavourably as they had done the year before. There is a letter extant, in which he desires Peter Dobrinjaz to join him; telling him either to come with all his troops, or to induce the Russians to send a part of their forces. “ Do either one or the other,” said lie, “ and without delay. Of what use would it be to take Ivladowo, if we cannot defend our own country ? Do not wait for another letter, but set out to my assistance immediately; and hasten forward, day and night: our very existence is at stake.”

They thought only of their wives and children

But “would the Servians consent to such a step ?

Already, the year before, this question had been earnestly discussed. Kara George and INI laden, ever apprehensive that their antagonists might be assisted by Bussian influence, would have been in favour of this step ; but, subsequently, when the nation had formed as it were a military brotherhood with the Russians, and had received a Russian ^Minister in Servia, such a proceeding did not seem practicable. Now, however, since Rodofinikin had retired, and the people had been obliged to en counter the greatest dangers without obtaining any aid from Russia, the measure became more feasible ; and, as before stated, Kara George, who, in 1808, had regarded its realisation as impossible, now entertained the idea.

Austria ought promptly to have evinced an earnest readiness to aid the Servians, and should resolutely have granted them her protection. But this project was only entertained by her statesmen : affairs were far from being so matured as to justify the Imperial Court in taking any decided step, or in venturing to agree to the proposals of Kara George.

Care had already been taken on the part of Russia to suppress all inclination on the part of Servia to an alliance with any other country. In the proclamation with which the Russian general  in chief, Kamenskij, opened the campaign of 1810, he styled the Servians “ brethren of the Russians, children of one family and faith;” promising them support; and lie also expressly mentioned Kara George as commander in chief. Xothing more was required to pacify Kara George, who thus found himself acknowledged as leader of the Servians. More over, they who wished to be considered adherents of Russia, could now no longer refuse him their obedience. Besides, whatever were the dissensions amongst themselves, all felt, as the spring advanced, a renewed desire to attack the Turks.

Thus, in 1810, war was recommenced with the aid of the Russians. The immediate object of the Servians was to achieve the conquest of the Kraina, which formed their communication with Russia.

Their best troops, to the number of 4500 foot, and 1500 horse, all picked men, marched into the Kraina; the Servians being desirous to impress a favourable opinion of their troops upon the allies with whom they were to take the lield. Peter Dobrinjaz, who had effected so much already, ‘WilS entt:ustticL AvitlL lha cominajid of this ibrce..  Accordingly, as soon as the Russiaiis,  ulideixZue   . catoT had made tlici r appearance, considerablej.>ro  gress was made. Xegotin and Bersa Palanka were taken.

In the interim, however, the Turks also had completed their preparations. Xotwithstanding all the resistance with which they encountered the Russians lower down on the Danube, they found means to carry the war into the Servian frontiers; which they attacked on two points.

Clmrschid, the new Pacha of Xiseh, advanced towards the Morawa with an army of about 30,000 men ; and as he pursued a different method from that of his predecessors, lie was doubly dangerous. Before the intrenehment near Deligrade, which had cost the Turks so much trouble on former occasions, he made only a short stay ; leaving it blockaded by a division of his troops. On the other hand, he took Ivruschewaz, and a fortress near Jassica, and began to lay waste the country all around. This was unquestionably the most effectual hostility that he could practise. The Servians who belonged to the districts which he was devastating, became impatient, and refused to defend the for tresses, which were no longer of use.

They thought only of their wives and children, and returned to their homes. The men of Ivruschewaz and Le  watscli had dispersed, Kragujewaz was threatened, and the inhabitants of this district, who were defending Deligrade, also thought of returning to their homes. Kara George miw began to fear that affairs might turn out as unfavourably as they had done the year before. There is a letter extant, in which he desires Peter Dobrinjaz to join him; telling him either to come with all his troops, or to induce the Russians to send a part of their forces. “ Do either one or the other,” said lie, “ and without delay. Of what use would it be to take Ivladowo, if we cannot defend our own country ? Do not wait for another letter, but set out to my assistance immediately; and hasten forward, day and night: our very existence is at stake.”

It cannot be asserted that those proposals remained altogether unnoticed

The Turks encountered him with a strong force, in a position very favourable to them, on the mountain plain of Suwodol ; where there are wide plains on which the Turkish cavalry could ma noeuvre with advantage. Kara George, who, from want of cavalry, had always avoided the plains, with horror saw himself surrounded. He formed the newly organized troops beside his artillery: which, however, could not have saved him. But fortunately, he had also a few horsemen ; and it was one of them, Wule Ilitsch, of Smederewo, who, by means of a daring stratagem, decided the fate of the day. Mounted on his good Arab steed, and accompanied by Moinkes and Bekjares, lie rushed amongst the enemy, at the same time calling out repeatedly in Turkish, “ The Turks are Hying ! ” This produced a panic, and led to the complete defeat of the Pacha.

In August, 1809, the Russian army crossed the Lower Danube; one fortified place after another fell into their hands, and the Turks found themselves under the necessity of calling back part of their forces. The Servians, in consequence, breathed more freel}\ They not only succeeded in repelling the attacks of Guschanz Ali, but even drove him out of those districts for the preservation of which he had remained behind. At the same time they were sufficiently strong to repulse the Bosnians, who were then attacking Losnitza. The loss of men which the Servians had sustained was compensated for by the numbers who had risen in their favour in Bosnia, and had accompanied them into Servia when retreating over the Drina. These people had dwellings allotted to them in Kitog.

Thus were the Servians again delivered from the Turks. They even retained a part of the country which they had taken beyond the ancient boundaries. Generally speaking, however, the position they were in afforded but little security.

On former occasions the Servians had to fight only with the Dahis, and afterwards with such armies as had marched against them by order of the Grand Signior; but they had now, by their attempt to advance into the neighbouring pachalics, involved themselves in a conflict with the established powers of those provinces. The Pachas carried on, as it were, a personal contest with the Servian people.

Amongst the Servians themselves, also, internal union had been impaired in proportion to the deplorable results of their last enterprises.

The rivals of Kara George imputed the failure of those enterprises to the commander in chief; and asserted that his not being favourably inclined towards Russia was the cause of that power having afforded so little assistance.

Of still greater importance was the fact, that Kara George entertained new fears of the existence of a good understanding between the Russians and the Turks. lie, indeed, seriously thought of submitting to Austria; to whom he had accordingly made formal proposals.

It cannot be asserted that those proposals remained altogether unnoticed at Vienna. Austria, having again suffered heavy losses in the year 1S09, was forced to form an alliance with Napoleon ; and there were statesmen in that country, who, being convinced that, within a short time, a rupture   nay even a war   between Russia and France woidd ensue, considered beforehand what line of conduct they ought to adopt in such ail event. It seemed not impossible, that Austria might procure indemnification for her losses in Gallicia, on the Aliddlc Danube; provided she could effect a restoration of Rcssarabia or the Crimea to the ‘Turks. In such a contingency the voluntary submission of Serna would be extremely desirable.

Topola The Servians neglected nothing that might prevent this

Kara George received the news of these disasters while besieging the citadel of Nowipasar. The danger of his own country prevented his advancing farther into the enemy’s territory. In all haste, lie ordered the Ivncs Sima from Bosnia, and also aMilenko   who meanwhile had, with Pussian aid, been besieging Kladowo to proceed with their troops to the Morawa. Kara George raised the siege in which he was engaged; and abandoned his position at Sjenitza. Then without delay   not even bestowing a thought upon the Woiwode whom he had sent to Montenegro   lie retraced his steps.

He readied the threatened province in time to throw some troops into Kjupria: a place, the possession of which would enable him at all times to retain a footing on the right bank of the Morawa. Thence he proceeded to Rcligrade. But, though Milenko also arrived there, the result of every engagement proved unfavourable to the Servians; and the chiefs found themselves under the necessity of returning to Kjupria. Report, however, had represented their loss to have been yet greater than it actually was ; and the rumour that Milenko and George had been entirely defeated, and had gone back into the Sclmmadia, with the remnant of their forces, by some other road, induced the commanders at Kjupria   Raditsch and Jokitseh   prudent and well tried men   to demolish their citadel.

When Kara George arrived, Raditsch was still engaged in conveying cannon and ammunition across the Morawa, or in sinking what could not be carried over ; and Jokitsch, in destroying the redoubts. What was his consternation on witness ing the fortress, by which he had hoped to protect the right bank of the Morawa, reduced to ruins! In his rage, he fired a pistol at Jokitsch. What had been done, however, could not be undone, lie was obliged to avail himself of the darkness of night to pass over to Jagodina.

Weliko, also, was unable to hold his ground at Bania, near Alexinaz. Yet his bravery was undaunted. Upon one occasion when lie espied the banners of some Servian troops coming to his assistance, he had the courage to force his way through the midst of the besieging Turks, in order to concert a joint attack with this reinforcement; and in the same manner he cut his way back through the ranks of the enemy. All, however, was in vain: the force that came to his aid was too weak, and the Servians could not maintain possession of Bania. AYeliko, therefore, was content to bring off some of his gallant men, with whom he again forced his way through the Turkish camp.

Upon this, all the country that lies to the right of the Morawa, as far as Poscharewaz, fell into the hands of the Turks: the entire plain was covered with fugitives: slaughter and terror every where prevailed; such as could not get into the Schuma  dia, fled into the Omoljer and Peker mountains.

Rodofmikin considered himself no longer safe at Belgrade; and, accompanied by Peter Dobrinjaz, he went over the Danube. . Already the JC.urks pre  pared to advance on the left bank of the Morawa; and Gusclmnz Ali, especially, endeavoured to make good his threat, ‘; that he would one day visit Black George in Topola The Servians neglected nothing that might prevent this. Mladen, Rues Sima, and WTiiza, took up their positions opposite Poscharewaz, on the lower Morawa : Kara George fortified Mount Lipar, near dagodina. Yet it may be doubted whether they would have been able to effect any thing, but for the alliance which they had entered into with the Russians; which i pw proved eminently ser viceable.

Then without delay not even bestowing

The Turks encountered him with a strong force, in a position very favourable to them, on the mountain plain of Suwodol ; where there are wide plains on which the Turkish cavalry could ma noeuvre with advantage. Kara George, who, from want of cavalry, had always avoided the plains, with horror saw himself surrounded. He formed the newly organized troops beside his artillery: which, however, could not have saved him. But fortunately, he had also a few horsemen ; and it was one of them, Wule Ilitsch, of Smederewo, who, by means of a daring stratagem, decided the fate of the day. Mounted on his good Arab steed, and accompanied by Moinkes and Bekjares, lie rushed amongst the enemy, at the same time calling out repeatedly in Turkish, “ The Turks are Hying ! ” This produced a panic, and led to the complete defeat of the Pacha.

Kara George received the news of these disasters while besieging the citadel of Nowipasar. The danger of his own country prevented his advancing farther into the enemy’s territory. In all haste, lie ordered the Ivncs Sima from Bosnia, and also aMilenko   who meanwhile had, with Pussian aid, been besieging Kladowo to proceed with their troops to the Morawa. Kara George raised the siege in which he was engaged; and abandoned his position at Sjenitza. Then without delay   not even bestowing a thought upon the Woiwode whom he had sent to Montenegro   lie retraced his steps. He readied the threatened province in time to throw some troops into Kjupria: a place, the possession of which would enable him at all times to retain a footing on the right bank of the Morawa. Thence he proceeded to Rcligrade. But, though Milenko also arrived there, the result of every engagement proved unfavourable to the Servians; and the chiefs found themselves under the necessity of returning to Kjupria. Report, however, had represented their loss to have been yet greater than it actually was ; and the rumour that Milenko and George had been entirely defeated, and had gone back into the Sclmmadia, with the remnant of their forces, by some other road, induced the commanders at Kjupria   Raditsch and Jokitseh   prudent and well tried men   to demolish their citadel.

When Kara George arrived, Raditsch was still engaged in conveying cannon and ammunition across the Morawa, or in sinking what could not be carried over ; and Jokitsch, in destroying the redoubts. What was his consternation on witness ing the fortress, by which he had hoped to protect the right bank of the Morawa, reduced to ruins! In his rage, he fired a pistol at Jokitsch. What had been done, however, could not be undone, lie was obliged to avail himself of the darkness of night to pass over to Jagodina.

Weliko, also, was unable to hold his ground at Bania, near Alexinaz. Yet his bravery was undaunted. Upon one occasion when lie espied the banners of some Servian troops coming to his assistance, he had the courage to force his way through the midst of the besieging Turks, in order to concert a joint attack with this reinforcement; and in the same manner he cut his way back through the ranks of the enemy. All, however, was in vain: the force that came to his aid was too weak, and the Servians could not maintain possession of Bania. AYeliko, therefore, was content to bring off some of his gallant men, with whom he again forced his way through the Turkish camp.

Upon this, all the country that lies to the right of the Morawa, as far as Poscharewaz, fell into the hands of the Turks: the entire plain was covered with fugitives: slaughter and terror every where prevailed; such as could not get into the Schuma  dia, fled into the Omoljer and Peker mountains.

Rodofmikin considered himself no longer safe at Belgrade; and, accompanied by Peter Dobrinjaz, he went over the Danube. . Already the JC.urks pre  pared to advance on the left bank of the Morawa; and Gusclmnz Ali, especially, endeavoured to make good his threat, ‘; that he would one day visit Black George in Topola

The Servians neglected nothing that might prevent this. Mladen, Rues Sima, and WTiiza, took up their positions opposite Poscharewaz, on the lower Morawa : Kara George fortified Mount Lipar, near dagodina. Yet it may be doubted whether they would have been able to effect any thing, but for the alliance which they had entered into with the Russians; which i pw proved eminently ser viceable.